Online Examination System free essay sample

The purpose of on-line test simulator is to take online test in an efficient manner for various branches/semesters/courses at the same time and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line test simulator is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. It is targeted at removing all the paper work in the examination process. The system is designed by keeping future in mind so that it can be used in any educational institutions as well as in corporate World with little changes. It saves a lot of time as it allows number of students/trainees to give the exam at a time and displays the results as the test gets over, so no need to wait for the result. Administrator has a privilege to add new teachers and students to the test papers. We will write a custom essay sample on Online Examination System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page User can register, login and give the test with his specific id, and can see the results as well. This software can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction is there that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test. The current system is analyzed thoroughly and all the bottlenecks are identified. 2. Users demonstrable needs are captured and freezed. User needs a web-based system, which will remove all the problems in existing system, the user is facing. The user wants a web- based system, which will reduce the bulk of paperwork, provide ease of work, flexibility, fast record finding, modifying, adding, removing and generating the reports. A new system has been proposed on my perception of the system, in accordance with the problems of existing system by making a full layout of the system on paper. 4. The feasibility of the system proposed was analyzed by comparing the following factors with both the existing system and proposed system. The proposed system was found feasible in terms of cost, effort, time and labor. Analysis of the system is complete. 5. Database design is complete. 6. System coding is in progress. Online examination system free essay sample Symmetric key length, public-key key length, comparing symmetric and public-key key length, Key Management: (3 Lectures) Generating keys, transferring keys, verifying keys, using keys, updating keys, storing keys, compromised keys, lifetime of keys, destroying keys, public key management, Algorithm Types and Modes: (10 Lecture) Electronic codebook mode, block replay, cipher block chaining mode, stream ciphers, cipher-feedback mode, output feedback mode, choosing a cipher mode, block ciphers vs. tream ciphers, Choosing an Algorithm, Choosing an algorithm, public-key vs. symmetric cryptography, encrypting communication channels, encrypting data for storage, Security Models, Windows, Linux, Web, Cookies, Biometrics (gummy fingers), Tempest, Viruses, Firewalls, System/Comprehensive Security Analysis Text Book/s – Stallings, W and Brown, L. , Computer Security: principles and practice, 2nd edition, 2011 Reference Material – – William Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security, 4th Edition, 2005, ISBN-13: 978-0131873162 Kaufman, Perlman, Speciner, Network Security: Private Communication in a Public World, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 2002, ISBN-13: 978-0130460196 – Other books will be used in the course if necessary. We will write a custom essay sample on Online examination system or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Department Of Computer Science Information Technology, HIC Jauharabad Campus Instructional Aids/Resources Assessment Criteria Class Assessment 35% Quizzes and Test 15 Assignment and Presentations 10 Attendance and Class Participations 5 Assignments + Quizzes Mid 25% If Required: Final 40% If Required: Total 100%.

Important things you should consider before making decision about college

Important things you should consider before making decision about college Recommendations on choosing a college When you are in the high school you face a choice of your future profession, carrier and the entire life direction at all. Thus, this choice starts with the selection of the college, which reveals to be fundamental and decisive factor, which will impact your entire life. Most of young people prefer one or another college unthinkingly, being under influence of dreams, college reputation and advertisements or opinions of elder friends, who already study at particular college. Anyway, we will recommend you to be more skeptical and scrupulous, while considering such things as your future education. Do not be guided by your momentary hesitation or blind preferences, there are so many things to be thought over at first. Specialization You already know what profession you want to obtain or at least know in what direction you should move. Study all the specialties and educational programs, which are offered by different universities. Some of the colleges do not have academic programs for the specialty, you want to receive, and others can have differences in the courses and training methods. Thus, you should consider which disciplines you will learn, whether there is enough practical training or theoretical courses predominate here. Also, find out at what field you will be welcomed to work with this degree, so that you can be sure that you head to your goals. Financial aspect While making a decision about college preferences, you should pay attention to the ticklish question concerning finance. So, you should find out about the tutorial fees at the high school you want to enter and other additional charges, like flat rent and all other possible expenses. You can make even something like a rating of universities and make preliminary calculations how much you will spend for every of them. And the most responsible part of this investigation is to make objective comparison of educational costs with your financial possibilities and determine what is affordable for you. Location The location of the university also makes some difference. If it is far from your parents, do not to count to visit them very often. And on the contrary, when the university is near, you can even live at home. Here you should decide if you want independent life or feel not ready to take care of yourself by your own. Moreover, location matters for the above mentioned question concerning money. Thus, if you chose any college in London, pay attention that it is quite cost-based undertaking. Accommodations Considering the question about your future college, find out about the accommodation conditions. Get to know if it is old or new, where is it situated and how much it will cost for you. Also learn how much you should pay for a room or flat, if there will be no place for you in the accommodation or the conditions will be unsuitable. Believe that it is better to live in the campus area, since you will save your time leaving near the college and you will have more opportunities for sports and other activities. Facilities Depending on the profession you are interested in, you should concern yourself about the educational facilities of the college. Thus, the specialties, which presuppose some practical aspects of education, require laboratories and well-equipped workshops, where you can master your skills. Though, most of students use the Internet for information search, it is great when college has a nice library, where you can find rare and unique works, which are hardly accessible in the global network. Indeed, you see that a lot of factors should be considered in order to make the right and the favorable decision concerning your education. Follow our recommendations, think, estimate, make conclusions and enjoy your study.

Art History: Filippo Brunelleschi Scuptor and Architect of the Renaissan

Filippo Brunelleschi was one of the greatest sculptors and architects of the Renaissance. His architectural achievements consist of some of the most well known and impressive structures not only of the Renaissance, but today. Not only were his structures amazing, but during his time he also invented new technology that would allow for his structures to be built. What would happen if Brunelleschi never designed architecture? We would have lost his inventions, his structures, and all of the work he inspired in other artists. Brunelleschi’s career path changed from sculpture to architecture after his loss to Ghiberti during the competition for the Eastern Doors of the Florentine Baptistery. If Brunelleschi had won that competition, architecture and art in the Renaissance, and even today would have been negatively affected. To understand how Brunelleschi came to be the artist he is, you need to look back to his childhood. Brunelleschi, during his youth, was showing that he was already capable of great things. His great-great-grandfather was a master physician, so there we can see evidence of technical skills being passed down. Brunelleschi’s father tried to push him into various career paths which didn’t involve art, such as being a physician, and a notary, but Brunelleschi showed little interest and was more drawn to manual labor, art, and things of greater utility. Utility by definition is the quality or state of being useful. We will eventually see several useful things come from Brunelleschi. His father realized that his son was going to do what he wanted, so he introduced him to a goldsmith where he learned to set stones and work with metal, which he quickly mastered and moved away from. He then moved... ... middle of paper ... ...ay have never discovered the secret to linear perspective, which was later used by not only architects, but painters as well, such as Masaccio's Holy Trinity fresco in 1427. All of the art that was ever inspired by Brunelleschi wouldn’t be here today. Brunelleschi barely lost the competition for the eastern doors of the Baptistry, and that may have been the most defining moment of the Renaissance. Annotated Bibliography Paatz, Walter. The arts of the Italian Renaissance: painting, sculpture, architecture. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1974. Partridge, Loren W.. The art of Renaissance Rome, 1400-1600. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1996. Turner, Richard. Renaissance Florence: the invention of a new art. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1997. Vasari, Giorgio. Lives of the painters, sculptors architects. London, Toronto: J.M. Dent, 1927.

Pratical Marketing Communications Re-sis Assignment . (I orderd the Essay

Pratical Marketing Communications Re-sis Assignment . (I orderd the same assigment and the writter did it incorrectly therefor - Essay Example The target market for the M-PESA mobile money service ranges from business owners who can be paid their bills using the service to the Safaricom network users who spend a lot of time and money to send money to their friends and families or to pay their bills, and in Kenya, some of the closest rivals of the service are Airtel money, Yu cash and Orange money. Safaricom Kenya limited uses successful business and media personalities to endorse their product such as Jaguar and Size 8 who are some of the most celebrated media personalities in the country. The use of Jaguar, a celebrated musician in the country whose story of rags to riches identifies with most of Safaricom mobile services subscribers was well informed as the musician is seen by many young people as their role model in their quest to pull themselves out of poverty. The â€Å"Niko na Safaricom† advert that was performed by the Safaricom choir was hailed as one of the best musical adverts ever shot in the country and i t became a household song soon after its release. Point of sale promotion also encouraged many people to register for the service as the registration was free and SIM cards were sold at subsidised rates. The introduction rates for the service, although they were perceived to be fair, they were relatively expensive to most of the M-PESA service users The company also uses the social media to encourage its subscribers and the subscribers of their rival companies to subscribe to the service by asking quizzes about the benefits and the products within the M-PESA service on its facebook fan page. Introduction The purpose of this report is to analyse the various communication elements that Safaricom Kenya limited has included in its communication mix to sell its M-PESA mobile money service to its subscribers. This report has highlighted the main communication techniques that the company has adopted that ranges from celebrity endorsements by popular media and business personalities in the country to advertisements. Point of sale promotions, the way the product is packaged within other services offered by the company, its advertisement strategies and how it has used the social media and especially facebook to market the M-PESA mobile money service (Kloeppinger-Todd & Sharma, 2010, p239). The report will compare the brand with other similar services that are offered by its rival companies; however, due to the large number of services that the company offers, the report will not look at the communication mix that the company has used to market its other products and services (Pike, 2008, p56). Product history Safaricom M-PESA service has been in existence in Kenya since the year 2007 when it was launched, it was launched as a mobile money transfer service that would enable its users to transfer money to other subscribers of the network. However, it was advanced to incorporate sending of money to other mobile subscriber networks such as Celtel, which is currently Bharti Airtel Kenya and Telkom Kenya. The M-PESA mobile money service entails services such as depositing and withdrawing of money, transferring of money to other users and non-users, purchasing of airtime, pay bills and transferring of money between the service and a bank account of the user in some

Illustrate and Explain using visuals on tabacco advertising between Essay

Illustrate and Explain using visuals on tabacco advertising between the 1945-1990 period to tell the difference on the advertising strategies between a male and a female - Essay Example Thus, cigarette manufacturing companies have to always maintain the cutting edge of their marketing operations to stay ahead in competition. Therefore, over the years, cigarette advertisements have evolved dramatically to encompass a wide range of experimentation of different strategies including cultural references, gender differentiation and celebrity endorsement. This 1949 ad of â€Å"Embassy,† manufactured by P Lorillard Company, employs the strategy of portraying a well groomed, white collared male for promoting their product (Tobacco Advertising Themes: For Your Health: To Your Heart’s Content 1, 2013). This version of the ad of â€Å"Embassy† portrays a classy-looking woman, which appears to be the iconic image women have aspired to become during that time (Tobacco Advertising Themes: For Your Health: To Your Heart’s Content 2, 2013). The male ad, released immediately after WW-II, manifests the aspirations of the male gender during that era. The most parts of the Western world have remained in the reconstruction phase in the aftermath of the devastating war, when jobs were in plenty. However, generally, people wanted to settle in white collar jobs and lead a comfortable life. The ad, thus, attempts to attract the consumer by projecting an image that the sophisticated, well-groomed males prefer, Embassy, which stands as a symbol of the â€Å"desirable male figure† of the 1940s. The male model, however, connotes to a macho image that borders on roughness which can be construed as a trait attributable to the perception of manliness in the post war era. On the other hand, the female ad, also released in the years immediately following the war, reflects the aspirations of the female gender during that time. The image of the woman in the ad perfectly translates to aspiration of the females living in the post war period, where they aspire for a better outlook and comfortable life. The

Milos secret Essay Example for Free

Milos secret Essay I have chosen two very similar and intriguing cartoons to perform this examination based on information and knowledge I have gained from this study. The first newspaper cartoon is titled â€Å"Milos secret† involving a mischievous cat who gets into a bit of trouble by sneaking into his owners refrigerator while he is sleeping and gradually stealing food every day. All the while, the owner is, of course unaware of the feline perpetrator is is foraging for snacks. Eventually, the frisky feline steals and consumes so much food that he becomes fat and can no longer walk to even reach his own food bowl. Thus, it is not exactly a happy ending for our furry friend. The second cartoon titled â€Å" Dingy Dog† is about pesky little dog who just cannot stay out of trouble. He is constantly stealing food off of the table and always knocking things over. It is not until he is put outside in the rain that he learns his lesson that it is always better to be humble and wise than greedy and silly. The message in both of these stories is quite simple, speaking of discipline and humbleness. For every foolish act there is a punishment. For example, in the first story, the first cat became fat after stealing all of the food. This was his punishment. In the second cartoon, the dog who just cannot behave himself no matter how many times he is scolded is punished by being put out into the rain. The difference between the two stories is that the cat had no owner there to scold him so he continued to sneak around, whereas the dog was repeatedly scolded and still persisted to disobey. The author of the cartoons used strong symbols to show emotions such as sweat marks to show how frustrated the owner of the dog was while he was scolding his dog. He also used exclamation points and numerical symbols to show this. It would not have served him justice to simply put periods next to the owner of the dog to display his discontent and emotion with his pet. If I were to create a place card regarding the topic, it would say â€Å"Be careful what you do, because it will always come back to you. † It was quite easy for me to establish my grounds for interpretation the authors meaning for the cartoons. It is merely a matter of reviewing the stories and depicting the emotions displayed and trying to put myself in the very same situation.

Edgar Allan Poe, son of Actress Eliza Poe and Actor David Poe Jr., :: English Literature

Edgar Allan Poe, son of Actress Eliza Poe and Actor David Poe Jr., born 19th of January 1809, was mostly known for his poems and short tales Edgar Allan Poe, son of Actress Eliza Poe and Actor David Poe Jr., born 19th of January 1809, was mostly known for his poems and short tales and his literary criticism. He has been given credit for inventing the detective story and his pshycological thrillers have been infuences for many writers worldwide. Edgar and his brother and sister were orphaned before Edgar's third birthday and Edgar was taken in to the home of John and Fanny Allan in Richmond, Va. The Allans lived in England for five years (1815-1820) where Edgar also attended school. In 1826 he entered the University of Virginia. Although a good student he was forced to gambling since John Allan did not provide well enough. Allan refused to pay Edgar's debts and Edgar had to leave the University after only one year. In 1827 Edgar published his first book, "Tamerlane and other poems" anonymously under the signature "A Bostonian". The poems were heavily influenced from Byron and showed of a youthful attitude. Later in 1827 Edgar enlisted in the Army under the name Edgar A Perry where his quarrels with John Allan continued. Edgar did well in the army but in 1829 he left and decided to apply for a cadetship at West Point. Before he was able to enter West Point Edgar published a book entitled "Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane, and minor poems", this time the book was published, not anonymously, but under the name Edgar A. Poe, where the middle initial acknowledged John Allan's name. Before Edgar left West Point he received financial aid from his fellow cadets to publish a third edition of the book. Edgar called it a second edition though and it was entitled "Poems by Edgar A. Poe" in which his famous poems "To Helen" (another version was published in 1848) and "Israfel" appeared. These show of the musical effect that has come to characterize Edgar's poems. Later Poe moved to Baltimore to live with his aunt, Maria Clemm, and his first cousin Virginia. In 1832 he won a $50 prize for his story "MS. Found in a Bottle" in the Baltimore Saturday Visiter. In 1835 Poe brought his aunt and cousin to Richmond where he worked with Thomas Willis White at the Southern Litterary Messenger. He also married his cousin Virginia, only thirteen years old. Most of Edgar's work with the Messenger were of a critical nature but he also published some literary work such as "Berenice".

“Look” in The Searchers

Contradicting Ideologies in The Searchers While The Searchers can be viewed from a critical standpoint as a ‘revisionist' Western in terms of its portrayal of Native Americans, certain aspects of the film contradict this overall message. One such aspect is the character Look, who serves a role both as comic relief and as commentary on racist depictions of Native Americans. The Searchers does a superb Job of highlighting the contorted representation of Indians in the Western genre, but Director John Ford's comic portrayal of Look unwittingly reflects the prejudices and stereotypes entrenched inAmerican culture in the 1950s. Look, or â€Å"Wild Goose Flying Across the Night Sky,† appears in a brief flashback sequence delivered from Marty's point of view in a letter to Laurie. The scene portrays Martys quest with Ethan to find the Comanche Chief Scar who had kidnapped his adoptive sister Debbie years earlier. While attempting to purchase a blanket from a Comanche tribe with connections to Scar, Marty inadvertently bestows a bride token upon Looks father, resulting in an accidental marriage.The mise-en-scene in the first flashback sets the tone for the remainder of he scenes featuring Look, establishing a racial hierarchy and foreshadowing the power structure in Marty and Looks relationship. The traditional Native American tune playing throughout serves as a sound bridge that connects all of the scenes featuring Look with an upbeat tempo that sets a lighthearted mood continued throughout the comedic climax in the second flashback. Additionally, character blocking offers insight into Looks social position and foreshadows the outcome of her relationship with Marty.While Marty is negotiating with Looks father, an establishing hot shows Marty standing above Look as she sits cross-legged on the ground. The scene then cuts back and forth between a towering Marty and Look sitting meekly on the ground. This eludes both to white man's dominance and Marty's supr emacy in their relationship. Ford uses scenes of this ill-fated marriage as a humorous interlude in a film otherwise dense with revisionist commentary, grim scenes, and desolate landscapes.While Look is a source of irritation for Marty, it is evident almost immediately that Ford means for Look to be a source of comedic relief from the otherwise intense storyline. In the subsequent scene, as Look dutifully follows Marty away from the Comanche camp and it dawns on Marty that he has accidentally married her, Ethan bursts into delighted guffaws exclaiming, â€Å"[c]ome along Mrs. Pauly! † Look is a source of entertainment for both Ethan and the audience as well, who is expected to laugh along with Ethan's quips.Other characters in the film also find Martys marriage comical; after hearing about Martys marriage, Mr. Jorgensen and Charlie laugh heartily, and while Laurie is upset, she is clearly less concerned about her love interest being married than she is with his new wife's eth nicity. The response of the film's characters to Marty and Looks marriage encourages the audience to view the situation in a comical light. In the second flashback, Look obediently takes care of Marty and attempts to do domestic work at the campsite.Doing everything she can to please Marty, she obligingly agrees to answer to â€Å"Look† despite it having no relation to her real name. The scene climaxes when she dutifully lies down next to Marty on his bedroll tor the night Enraged, M rty kicks ner ott and she tumbles down the hill with a crash. This is followed not with concern for Look by he characters or a change in the tone of the scene, as one would expect when encountering violence against a woman in a movie today, but with yet another quip from Ethan. Laughing, he yells, mfou know that's grounds for di-vorce in Texas!You're really rough. † Additionally, Ford focuses on Ethan rather than Look after her fall. Ethan's lighthearted reaction and the overall tone of the scene signal to the audience that Looks mistreatment should be a source of amusement rather than concern. The same upbeat soundtrack and Ethan's steady stream of mockery connect the first and econd flashbacks, maintaining the first's humorous feel. The stereotypical native tune amplifies Looks already hyperbolized Native American characteristics, and stylized acing greatly contributes to the comedic vibe of the scene.Martys exaggerated anger and seemingly irrational response to Look lying beside him is a directorial play for laughs, as is the fact that Marty's violence is further emphasized by the addition of sound effects. As Look rolls down the small hill, a large crash is heard, increasing the magnitude of the situation while simultaneously increasing comedic effect. Race plays a key role in the audience's reception to this scene as amusing rather than disturbing. This is highlighted best when contrasted with an earlier scene in which Laurie enters a room while Martin is taking a bath, invading his privacy in a similar way.It is unlikely Ford would elicit laughter from audiences at the time if Marty responded to Laurie's intrusion with violence. It is due to the cultural racism and prejudice of the time that audiences were far more likely to value the life of, and therefore care about the treatment of, Laurie. Looks diminished value s a person is made evident by clear differences in how Ford handles both characters in the film. The final flashback has a somber tone and soundtrack meant to elicit sympathy and reflection from the audience.This, however, conflicts directly with how Ford uses Looks character as a comic figure in previous scenes. When Looks body is discovered in the final flashback her death even awakens a moment of sympathy from the profoundly racist Ethan, who covers her body with a blanket. This scene highlights incongruities in the value of white and Indian lives. Historically, the udiences of Westerns were encouraged to grieve for the loss of white characters and applaud the death of Indian characters. This trend is continued in The Searchers.Although Looks death is treated with sorrow and compassion, her death is comprehensible and viewable to the audience because her portrayal rarely rises above that of a comic stereotype. By contrast, Ford's camera does not reveal Martha and Lucy's bodies to the audience out of deference and reverence to their characters. While Ford's contradictory treatment of Look as captured by her death scene may be iewed as revisionist commentary, one can't overlook the fact that there was no precedent at the time for the use of a Native American woman as a comic fgure.It is far more likely that Looks portrayal was not social commentary but rather reflected the director's own prejudices and the reflection of a racially-charged society coming through in his work. Made in 1956, The Searchers came at the beginning of an era of great cultural change toward race and racial stereotypes in America, and therefore may be among the last of its era and genre to offer such an unapologetic portrayal of tradition of racism.Look is a one-dimensional character compared with the strong temale roles ot Laurie and Debbie, and the discrepancies in Ford's portrayal ot white and Indian women underscore the idea that Ford viewed them as inferior. More than ten minutes pass between Looks initial and final appearance and, denied a voice, she has only one line of dialogue. The audience never knows Looks story and has little foundation to connect with her in any significant way; she is viewed only through the eyes of the white men around her.The death of her character is noted, but the udience is given few reasons to care about the human being who has died. By overemphasizing the racism and Native Americans stereotypes in The Searchers, Ford encourages the audience to reflect on the deeply rooted tradition of portraying Native Americans in an excessively negative light in the Western genre. This noble revisionist effort, however, is impaired by Ford's use of Look as a source of comedy. Essentially nothing more than a comic buffoon, the fact that her abuse is entertaining to the audience is an important reflection on Ford and American society at the time.

Icts

The purpose of this assignment Students who successfully complete this assignment will be able to present critical arguments around ICTs for development projects and demonstrate their capabilities related to engaging with textual and numerical data to present information in a presentation format. Locate any project where ICTs were applied in contexts such as those described in this chapter, in your local community, own city, province or country, or elsewhere in the world and/or that you have been involved with. Ensure that you identify the following aspects in your case study: 1.Title of the project 2. Website address(es) that provide information about the project 3. Introduction & Background, including details on the project o Rationale (what was the reason for the project/why was it needed? ) o Start date, duration (this far) and status (ongoing, completed, etc. ) 4. A description of the project, including details on o The ICT4D solutions that was used in the project o The strength s and weaknesses of the project 5. You could also add things like o Major partners o Major stakeholders Who initiated the process? o Who were the target beneficiaries? o Who were the service providers? o How did the initiative work? o Was there a local champion (some-one from the local community who represented the interests of that community)? Create a PowerPoint presentation of no more than 8 slides that provide the information as detailed above. Submit your presentation via the Dropbox facility. |Assessment rubric for Assignment 9 | |0 |Nothing submitted 0% | |1 |One or more, but NOT all, of the required aspects have been addressed |10% | |2 | |20% | |3 | |30% | |4 | |40% | |5 |All required aspects have been addressed |50% | |6 |Additional aspects added and/or |65% | |7 |A project from the student's local community, own city, province or country and/or that the student was involved | | |8 |with is presented | |

Piracy essays

Piracy essays Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, welcome and thank you all for coming. This evenings issue is that of piracy, and how its affect on society is overrated. Me being a professional in the field of information technology, I will present to you the argument backing up my statement, explaining the different varieties of piracy and their purposes. For the purpose of this argument, piracy is defined as the unauthorized use or reproduction of copyrighted or patented material. Piracy, something everyone has most likely committed once in their lives. Either through the downloading of music or by simply copying someone elses work. It is not a rarity to come by, and I will give examples of why it is overrated. To begin, piracy can come in the following ways when it is related to the use of computers, it can either be in the form of a crack, the use of a computer to copy software, downloading serials or the use of p2p (peer to peer) software. Each method is simple and effective. Recently, peer to peer software has become a major issue throughout the world, In particular, napster. Napster is a peer to peer program that allowed the sharing of music from different users all over the world, the main problem found in this is that some musical artists, such as Mettalica, are reportedly loosing money and have been resorting to legal action, which inevitably put napster out of business. Other programs still exist today of the same nature, such as kazaa or imesh and these allow the sharing of other forms of information, for example, a user would be able to download software or a movie that has not yet been released. Napster, who was put out of business, is now back but allow users to pay only a small price for a song, which is cheap and legal. Many other programs that are similar to Napster are adopting this method, but still allow for free download. This need to pay for music has indeed been accentuated as a ...

Macro and Microeconimics, FDI Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Macro and Microeconimics, FDI - Essay Example During the same time the world economy was confronted with severe economic crises, especially in the South East Asian countries and Latin America. Thus’ emerged the various criticisms regarding FDIs in developing and emerging nations. However, there have been concrete evidences about the positive effects of FDIs in countries like Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. New data from these countries suggest that FDIs have been successful in bringing about benefits to both the host economies as well as the workers in the foreign owned organizations. Africa, has been failing to exploit the advantage of foreign capital in way of not attracting FDIs Also one cannot ignore the fact that FDIs have been increasing worldwide and especially in the developing nations and that these countries have demonstrated greater growth in GDP since then. However, on the contrary the growth rate of developed nations have been comparatively lower than the developing nations abiding by the economic theory that cap ita accumulation is essential for the development of nations. The various reasons behind the contribution of FDIs in moving the developing economies towards growth would be discussed in this project. This is done by the provision of supporting evidence for the sane. Also in the present economic climate the pros and cons of implementing FDI barriers have also been analyzed in the project. Flow of global FDI in the developing and developed nations The recent economic crisis drew a lot of FDIs in the developing and emerging economies across the world. However, the impacts of FDIs have been different for different countries and regions and sectors. The economic crisis majorly affected the developed nations in the world and the FDI flows into the regions have also suffered a setback due to the sluggish market prospects. However, FDI flows into the developing nations continued to grow since 2008. But the rate had come down since the previous years as well. Researchers have put for the arg ument for this decline as an outcome of drawback of both the resource seeking and efficiency FDI aimed at being exported to the developed nations which were then going through a depression and the market seeking FDIs which aimed at serving the local markets have receded (UNCTAD, 2009, p.2). Since 1980 and 2000, the world has witnessed tremendous increase in FDI flows in various sectors and regions. According to recent statistics provided by the UNCTAD, the inward stock of FDI in the world was $0.8 trillion in 1990 while the figures were $1.95 trillion and $6.15 trillion in the years 1990 and 2000 respectively. Traditionally FDI was considered to be a phenomenon which was primarily associated with the highly developed economies of the world. Developed nations have always attracted highest shares of the foreign FDIs as compared to the developing nations. However, recently this tradition has undergone change. In recent years FDI flows in the developing nations have been greater than th e economically advanced nations. The average annual inflow of FDI in the developing countries was eight times more than the years between 1982 and 1987, and the years between 1994 and 1999. Consequently the developing countries attracted almost one-third of the entire flow of FDI in the worl

Black Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Black Market - Essay Example When foreign currency is set below the market rate, an excess demand is created for acquiring foreign currency. A government usually responds by devaluing the currency or setting quotas on purchase of foreign goods. A parallel underground economy emerges by manipulating the forces of supply and demand. A black market can also emerge if trade creates an artificial scarcity of goods which in the process causes high returns on their investments by profiteering. The black market generates unreported wealth and income. Officially allocated foreign exchange is resold in the underground market (Atkins, 609). Black market transactions are disruptive to society. They undermine the ban on goods and services which have been banned by the government. Legitimate businesses are at a disadvantage because goods and services are sold in the black market to avoid taxes. The underground market can also affect public revenues and delimit national productivity. It can also drain the balance of payments and distort equity concepts of economics (Atkins, 609). Black market transactions usually involve cash which is easy to evade detection by governments. It also bypasses complex financial operations. There is some dispute about the size of the black market. Economists look at the volume of cash which is circulated in a black market economy. The internet has emerged as the major indicator of the extent of the underground economy. eBay has 40 million users. Sellers are responsible to pay taxes but there is no study which details if the sellers pay taxes and whether governments have intervened to ensure they do (Atkins, 609). Goods sold in the black market can either be cheap or more expensive than normal prices. If goods are stolen than they can be cheaper than normal prices. However illegally supplied goods may be more expensive because of difficulties in production and dangers associated with trying to smuggle such goods in countries. Black markets thrive if consumer demands for goods which are not available through legal channels are unavailable (Bagnasco, 157). Underground markets can be reduced by removing the legal barriers for goods. Some people advocate that products like drugs should be legalized and government should focus on more dangerous elements of society. This has been countered by critics as legalizing crime. Removal of legal restrictions reduces the prices of goods. If products like drugs are legalized their prices would drop and most people would access trustworthy legal sources. Black market also consists of legal activities which are not reported to government tax authorities. Many corrupt officials in developing countries avoid paying taxes. Black money is the outcome of this practice. The black market has some important functions. It is a cash economy which is liquid and fast. It increases the flow of money. It injects foreign exchange into the economy and increases the money supply. It can also provide employment, create economic activity and encourage labor mobility. It is important for countries which face economic hardship. Developing countries have backward economies. Their technological expertise is primitive. Unemployment, dilapidated machines, dysfunctional infrastructure are rampant in such economies. Trade deficits, crime and budget deficits rise sharply in such economies